英语介词宾语的几种表达方式

【作者：唐教员,编号62 更新时间：2014-11-10】 　　　　　　　　　　
   介词一般用于名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句）前，表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词等成分，称为介词宾语。介词和介词宾语对表达思想起着无法估量的作用。在通常情况下，介词必须有自己的宾语，几乎所有的词类都可以充当介词的宾语。

1.名词作介词宾语。如：

They had to wait
tillMondayto phone the bank.

All the people
on the ship were in safety despitethe
storm.

Withall her
faults
I still loveher.


They talked onthe phonefor more thanan hour.

German has been
atpeacewithFrance
forfifty-eight years.

2.代词作介词宾语。若是人称代词用作介词宾语，要注意用宾格。如：

Afterall, no one is perfect.

You can’t buy it foranything
bellow 300 dollars.

She is always thoughtful ofothers.

The bills kept coming in, one afteranother.

You must have
picked up my keys instead ofyours.

Do you happen to
have his letter aboutyou?

Those books are worth reading, every one ofthem.

3.形容词作介词宾语。如：

Her
pronunciation is far fromperfect.

We should, inbrief, invest heavily in digital
systems. 

When I'm on the
soccer field, I'm atmy happiest.

The debt must be
paid infullby 31 January 2013.

This year's
event will take place on June 19th, a week earlier thanusual.

I tried invainto get Sue to come with us.

If you sometimes
have those days when everything seems to go frombadtoworse, then this
article is for you.

4.副词作介词宾语。这种情况并不常见，通常只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词。如：

We had visitors
who came fromafar.

Jerry lived inCairountilquite recently.

I haven't known
them forvery long.

Helooked
everywhere exceptthere.

They live
somewhere nearhere.

5.数词作介词宾语。如：

Shedid
not set foot inEngland
again until2002.

It is a book of
English phonetics, grammar and usage all inone.

There was only
one piece of cake, but we can cut it intotwo.


The students
began to show up bytwos and threes.

    Though he is inhis seventies,he can still domuchwork on the farm.

He was amongthe firstto arrive.

6.动名词(短语)作介词宾语。如：

We all
succeeded inpassing the driving test.

OnarrivinginVenice, we knew that it was a city of water.

Don't forget to
turn off the lights beforeleaving your classroom.

If
I hadn’t got a cold, I’d
be working instead oflying herein bed.

So instead ofhaving
20% of people's timespent on their own projects, I make people hang out
with each other.

7.
介词短语作介词宾语。通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词有at,
except, from, instead of, since, till, until等。如：

The car was
going atfrom 80 to 100 miles an hour.


I can take my
vacation at any time exceptin August.

He goes to work
every day excepton Sunday.

Mr. Smithsaw her fromacross
the street.

Wewon’t
go home untilafter the exam.

Suddenly he came
out frombehind the door.

Black people
were denied the vote in theUS
until wellinto 1950s.

8.不定式(短语)作介词宾语。如：

The company had
no choice butto give me my money back.

He never did
anything butwatch TV.

His father had
nothing to do all day exceptplay cards.

Peter’s not
going anywhere exceptto work.

Rather thanallow the vegetablesto go bad, he sold
them at half price.

She'd rather die
thanlose the children.

注意：在通常情况下，介词后接动词应用动名词，不用不定式，但是表示“除外”的介词except和but是例外，它们的后面接动词时，通常不用动名词，而用不定式。

9.连接代词(副词) +不定式结构作介词宾语。如：

I’m looking for a place inwhich to live.

The professor
will give us a talk onhow to study English well.

He was very excited to be askedwhom to
invite.

My little son was at a loss as towhat to think and say.

10.过去分词作介词宾语。如：

I finished the
work asrequested.

We can’t regard
the matter assettled.

   As
promised, I am sending this short letter so that you will know how things
are going over here.

He spoke English
so well thatItook it forgrantedthat he was an American.

11.从句作介词宾语。如：

Whether we can
succeed depends onhow well we cooperate.

We are talking
aboutwhether we admit students into our
club.

The new book is
abouthow the manned spaceship was sent
up into space.

She got very
angry because ofwhat he had said.

Ellen was
interested inwhat she had seen at the
exhibition.

Freddywould tell me nothing aboutwhat he
was writing, exceptthat it was to be a Christmas play.

He differed from
his classmates inthat he devoted his
spare time to reading.

My teammatewould have helped us butthathe was short of money at
the time.　

注意：介词后通常不接由that引导的从句，但在in, except，but等少数几个介词后可用由that引导的宾语从句，已形成固定搭配。　


12.独立结构作介词宾语，如名词+形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/不定式,代词+现在分词/不定式/动名词/介词短语等。如：

He is away from
home withhis children alone.

WithJohn awaythere’s more room in the
house.

He left home
withouta cent in his pocket.

Theoldman felt very happy withso many children sitting around him.

The murderer was
brought in, withhis hands tied behind
his back.

Withthe key having been lost, she could not
enter the room.

The kid feels
excited withso many places of interest
to visit.

This can’t be
said withoutsome getting angry.

She knew thatwith him to help her, she could and
would succeed.

His success
depends onhis working hard.

He couldn’t
sleep well, withher in danger. 

13.介词的其他结构，如插入语，介词＋whom / which引导的定语从句，being+过去分词，名词+同位语等。如：

Tomy surprise, I found I had a lot in
common with this stranger.

   
Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the
required standard,inother words,you failed.

　 
My glasses withoutwhich I was almost like a
blind manfell to the ground and broke into pieces.　

They came to a farm house in front ofwhich sat a small boy.

She looked
surprised atbeing asked such a question.


He stayed there
three years withJim his only friend.

But forour great Communist Party,
we could never have today's happiness.　　



参考文献

1．徐广联《大学英语语法》，华东理工大学出版社，2005年

2．A S Hornby《牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第七版）》，商务印书馆，牛津大学出版社2009年